APA Documentation Style for "References"

Getting Started

Are you citing:

The type of source determines how to enter it in the "References" list. Find the elements you will need to properly identify your sources.


Books

Elements:
Author's Last name, Initials. (Date of Publication). Full Title. (Edition or Volume, Page Numbers). Place of Publication: Publisher.

Book by a single author
Gregory, S. (1998). Black corona: Race and the politics of place in an urban community. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Book by two to six authors
Hamilton, B., & Guidos, B. (1987). The medical word finder: A reverse medical dictionary. New York: Neal.
Book by seven or more authors
Wong, D. L., Hockenberry-Eaton, M., Wilson, D., Winkelstein, M. L., Ahmann, E., DiVito-Thomas, P. A., et al. (1999). Whaley & Wong's nursing care of infants and children (6th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby.
Book by a corporate author
American Medical Association. (1998). Essential guide to asthma. New York: Pocket.
Book with no author listed
Cooking with vegetables. (1983). New York: Oxmoor.
Book by an editor
Allison, N. (Ed.). (1999). The illustrated encyclopedia of body-mind disciplines. New York: Rosen.
Translation
Allende, I. (1989). Eva Luna (M.S. Peden, Trans.). New York: Bantam.
Edition
SarDesai, D. R. (1998). Vietnam: Past and present (3rd ed.). Boulder: Westview.
Book with author and editor
Shakespeare, W. (1982). Hamlet (H. Jenkins, Ed.). London: Methuen.
Multivolume work
Jordan, W. C. (Ed.). (1996). The Middle Ages: An encyclopedia for students (Vols. 1-4). New York: Scribner.
Book in a series
Heisler, M. O., & Heisler, B. S. (1986). From foreign workers to settlers?: Transnational migration and the emergence of new minorities. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 485. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Work in an anthology
Chopin, K. (1996). The Awakening. In G.M. Gilbert & S. Gubar (Comps.). The Norton anthology of literature by women: The traditions in English (2nd ed., pp. 1011-1101). New York: Norton.
Excerpt from an article, reprinted in an anthology
Fiedler, L. A. (1950, October). William Faulkner: An American Dickens. Commentary, 10, 384-387. (Excerpted and reprinted in Short story criticism, Vol. 1, p. 151, by L. L. Harris & S. Fitzgerald, Eds., 1988, Detroit: Gale).
Excerpt from a book, reprinted in an anthology
West, R. B. (1973). Atmosphere and theme in Faulkner's 'A rose for Emily.' In L.W. Wagner, (Ed.), William Faulkner: Four decades of criticism (pp. 192-198). East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press. (Excerpted and reprinted in Short story criticism, Vol. 1, pp. 148-151, by L. L. Harris and S. Fitzgerald Eds., 1988, Detroit: Gale).
Signed article in an encyclopedia
Cleland, H. G. (1998). Child Labor. In The encyclopedia Americana (Vol. 6, pp. 460-463). Danbury, CT: Grolier.
Unsigned article in an encyclopedia
Mayflower. (1998). In The encyclopedia Americana (Vol. 18, p.548). Danbury, CT: Grolier.
Pamphlet
Treat a pamphlet as you would a book.

Articles (from a print publication)

Elements:
Author's last name, Initials. (Date published). Title of the article. Title of the periodical. Volume, [in some cases] (Issue number), Pages on which the article appears.

Article in a scholarly journal with continuous pagination
Bulliet, R. W. (1999). Twenty years of Islamic politics. Middle East Journal, 53, 189-200.
Article in a scholarly journal paginated by issue
Haynes, G. W., & Haynes, D. C. (1999). Debt structure of small businesses owned by women in 1987 and 1993. Journal of Small Business Management, 37 (2), 1-19.
Article in a magazine
Silverstein, K. (1999, July 19). Millions for Viagra, pennies for diseases of the poor: Research money goes to profitable lifestyle drugs. Nation, 269, 13-19.
Article in a daily newspaper
Meier, B. (1999, July 8). Tobacco industry loses first phase of broad lawsuit. New York Times, p. A1.
Article in a Sunday newspaper
Hartocolis, A. (1999, June 20). New math: No one is below average [Week in review]. New York Times, p. 3.
Book review
Truax, A. (1999, February 8). Anywhere but here: A satisfying novel about unsatisfactory lives. [Review of the book Amy and Isabelle]. New Yorker, 74, 79-80.

Electronic Resources (including articles found in databases)

Possible Elements:

Author's last name, Initials. (Date published). Title of the article. Title of the periodical. Volume, [in some cases] (Issue number), Pages on which the article appears. Retrieved <Date of Retrieval>, from <Name of Database>.

Document on a professional site
APA style: Reference examples for electronic source materials. (2003). Retrieved November 6, 2004, from American Psychological Association, APA Style.org Web site: http://www.apastyle.org/elecsource.html.
Article in a reference database
Garrow, D. J. Parks, Rosa Louise. In World book online Americas edition. Retrieved August 1, 2007, from http://www.worldbookonline.com/.
Article in an Internet-only magazine
Freeman, J. (2002, February 22). The New York Times Victims Fund reaches $51 million. The Earth Times Monthly Retrieved May 30, 2002, from http://www.earthtimes.org/feb/terrorismthenewfeb22_02.htm.
Work from a subscription service: Article in a magazine
Gafney, L., & Weiner, M. (1995, October). Finding future math/science teachers. Education Digest, 61, 33-35. Retrieved May 30, 2002, from EBSCOhost Academic Search Premier database.
Work from a subscription service: Article in a newspaper
Solomon, A., & Hussey, D. (1998, April 21). Enemies of public education [Education Suppl.]. Village Voice, p. 2. Retrieved January 2, 2008, from LexisNexis Academic News database.
CD-ROM
The family doctor. (1993) [CD-ROM]. Portland, OR: Creative Multimedia.

Government Publications

Elements:
Author or (if no author given) Government issuing the document. Agency or Department. (Date of Publication). Title of document. Place of Publication: Publication Office.

Government document or publication: Print
National Cancer Institute. Tobacco Research Implementation Group. (1998). Tobacco research implementation plan: Priorities for tobacco research beyond the year 2000 (NCI 99-06720). Bethesda, MD: Author.
Government document or publication: Online
Snyder, H.M. (2001, December). Law Enforcement and Juvenile Crime. Dept. of Justice. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Retrieved March 2, 2008, from http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/ojjdp/191031.pdf.

Media

Film/Video Elements:
Name of Director. (<Director>). (Year of release). Title. [Format of film]. City of Distributor: Distributor.

Videocassette, Videodisc, and Filmstrips
Galan. H. (Director). (1994). Go back to Mexico! [Videotape]. Boston: PBS Video.

If you cannot find the exact example for your citation, please check the fifth edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (REF BF 76.7 .P83 2001), or ask a reference librarian for further help.

Compiled by:
Prof. Clementine Lewis
Fall 2004
Last updated: 2/2/08